
February 3rd marked fifty years since a small plane went down near Clear Lake, Iowa, taking with it three of rock 'n' roll's original rising stars: Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens and Jiles Perry "The Big Bopper" Richardson. Today, when we call this "The Day the Music Died," it's no empty phrase. Though it was twelve years before Don McLean's song gave that tragic day a name, at the time it was a loss that mere words simply couldn't express.
By today's standards, the music of these three sounds tame. It's easy to forget that Holly, Valens and Richardson had been part of a rebellious, hip-swinging musical movement in the midst of the stultifying, conservative 1950s. They set teenage minds on fire and gave suburban parents ulcers. It's worth remembering that these three were among the throngs of early rock artists whose records were denounced, banned and sometimes destroyed.
This month saw a flurry of collections and reissues to commemorate this sad anniversary, most of them focused on Holly's music. But to only remember the contribution of one of the three men is to sell the story short. Each of them embodied an insurgent new music’s most infectious qualities in very different ways. The Big Bopper had a deep, Texas-fried voice that made you laugh just as much as it made you dance. Valens not only knew how to captivate an audience with his amazing voice and guitar work, his Chicano heritage made him a symbol for rock’s ability to reach far across color lines. Holly’s shaking rhythms and sensitive ballads simply made listeners glad to be alive and young.
Fifty years later, it’s hard to convey the magnitude to which these three performers’ deaths shook the rock ‘n’ roll world. Though each of them had achieved a successful recording career no longer than two years, by early rock standards their rise was almost meteoric. The death of Holly, Valens and Richardson on the same day seemed to be—and indeed was—the death of something much bigger than the men themselves.
Conventional rock ‘n’ roll history tells us that the new music rose up and swiftly took over the world in a glorious, unstoppable ascension. In reality, February 3rd, 1959 represented the beginning of a very challenging and troubled time for the genre.
Later that year, Chuck Berry was sentenced to a five year jail term on a trumped up prostitution charge, revealing the contradiction of playing integrated music in a segregated country. Alan Freed's implication in the first payola scandal around the same time would only add to rock 'n' roll's mounting image problem.
The music that had shaken the 50s with stories of rebellious fun entered the next decade mired in controversy, scandal and tragedy. As the 60s progressed, the counter-culture would help revive rock ‘n’ roll, but the innocent fun that characterized its early years would be overshadowed by an increasingly combative edge. Rock 'n' roll quickly became a marker of which side you stood on: the oppressive establishment, or the just and righteous youth seeking to inherit the earth by any means necessary.
In 1971, at the end of that tumultuous, earth-shaking decade, McLean penned his now-legendary song dedicated to Holly, Valens and Richardson. Though the highly allegorical lyrics to "American Pie" verge on the indecipherable, it is certain that he is looking back at some version of the 60s, and sees "the day the music died" as a touchstone for that era's massive leap into history:
“And the three men I admire most,
The father, son and the holy ghost,
They took the last train for the coast,
The day the music died.”
McLean has been famously resistant to explain most of the song’s meaning, let alone his personal feelings on the 60s. But listening to the song, it’s clear that he is looking back at a decade where America has been irrevocably changed. That he saw that sad day in Iowa as the beginning of this new era is both telling and moving.
If Holly, Valens and Richardson were alive today, they would be in their sixties and seventies. Would music have looked the same if they had lived? It’s one of countless un-answerable questions in pop music history. But today, when the music and the world at large are changing so fast, as we all face our own volatile mixture of darkness and hope, there is one lesson that can be taken from this sad half-century anniversary: the darkest night always comes before the dawn of a new day.
This article originally appeared at SleptOn.com.
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